munaaradda gudbinta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan munaaradda xariiqda gudbinta, waa qaab-dhismeed saddex-geesood ah oo loo isticmaalo in lagu taageero xadhkaha korantada ee dusha sare leh iyo xadhkaha ilaalinta hillaaca ee gudbinta korantada-sare ama ultra-sare-sare. Marka laga eego dhinaca dhismaha, taawarrada gudbinta...
monopole koronto waxa loola jeedaa hal dallac ama hal tiir oo ku jira garoon koronto, oo ka soo horjeeda dipole, kaas oo ka kooban laba kharash oo iska soo horjeeda. Fiisigiska aragtida, fikradda monopole waa mid soo jiidasho leh sababtoo ah waxay ka dhigan tahay cutub aasaasi ah oo koronto ah ...
Qaab-dhismeedka monopole waa nooc anteeno ah oo ka kooban hal, tiir taagan ama ul. Si ka duwan noocyada kale ee anteenada ee u baahan kara walxo badan ama qaabayn kakan, monopole waa mid toos ah qaabayntiisa. Fududeyntan ayaa ka dhigaysa mid soo jiidasho leh app-ka kala duwan
Taawarada birta ah ee gudbinta, sidoo kale loo yaqaan munaaradaha korontada ama munaaradaha korantada, ayaa ah qaybaha lagama maarmaanka u ah xadhkaha korantada, iyaga oo taageeraya xadhkaha sare ee korantada ee gudbiya korontada masaafo dheer. Taawarradan ayaa sida caadiga ah ka samaysan bir xagal iyo bir lattice ah,...